Software Freedom in Europe 2026
In 2026 we turned 25 years old! We continued enforcing and contributing to the development of DMA and followed up the technological sovereignty debates across
Europe explaining why only Free Software gives public institutions control over the digital
infrastructure. Ada & Zangemann and YH4F continued bringing software freedom to younger audiences.

This year marks a significant milestone for the FSFE: our 25th
anniversary. What began in 2001 as a small organisation founded by a
small group of European Free Software advocates to protect Free Software
in Europe has grown into an effective Europe-wide, well-known organisation with
hundreds of contributors, more than 10 employees, over a thousand supporters, and impact across
several key areas. Over the past quarter-century, we used our public awareness, policy, and legal education skills to fulfil the
mission our founders set out. One that is even more important today than
ever.
This anniversary is more than a celebration of longevity; it is an
opportunity to reflect on the journey that brought us here and on our
work over these years. We have summarised our key achievements from the
past 25 years in our timeline.
As we look back on 25 years of Software Freedom, we also look
forward. The following report highlights the milestones of the past
12 monhts, work that builds on everything we have accomplished before, while
also looking ahead to our vision for 2048.
Our Software Freedom in Europe 2025 report covers the FSFE's
activities from September 2025 to August 2026. We hope it gives you a
better understanding of our daily work for software freedom and encourages you to join us in our mission to empower users to control technology.
Table of contents
- Device Neutrality
- Legal Education
- Markets Regulations
- Public Money? Public Code!
- Young Generation
- Volunteer Engagement
- Organisational Development
Device Neutrality
everyone has the right to remove and install any software on any of their devicesDMA Litigation and beyond
The FSFE continued working to ensure that the Digital
Markets Act (DMA) translates into meaningful interoperability and Device
Neutrality for Free Software developers and users. Over the year, we
combined technical research, regulatory engagement and strategic
litigation, with a particular focus on Apple and
Google. We won one case in against Apple in front of the European Court
of Justice, were admitted to a second one, and found out that none of the
public interoperability requests was granted by Apple.
A major milestone came on 21 October 2025, when the
FSFE participated as an intervener in the hearing
of Apple v Commission (T-1080/23)
before the European Court of Justice. We defended interoperability as a
legitimate public-interest obligation and brought the
perspective of Free Software developers and users into
Apple’s challenge to its DMA designation and obligations. In July 2026,
the Court dismissed
Apple’s actions concerning the App Store and iOS designation;
importantly, it held that Apple could not use the designation
proceedings to challenge Article 6(7), without ruling on the substance
of that provision. The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) subsequently
recognised
FSFE’s contribution to the proceedings.
This ruling confirms what we have argued from the start:
interoperability is not optional under the DMA, it is the law.
Developers finally have legal certainty to build competitive
alternatives to Apple's ecosystem, and we remain committed to monitoring
enforcement of today’s decision,says Lucas Lasota, FSFE's Senior Programme Manager Legal
On 20 April 2026, we published
a report into Apple’s request-based interoperability process. We found that, as of 22 March,
none of 56 formal interoperability requests had resulted in a new
publicly documented solution. Developers faced account requirements,
fees, lengthy procedures and considerable gatekeeper discretion. We
called for transparent procedures, stronger enforcement and greater
reliance on open standards, while continuing to collect first-hand
experiences from developers through our interoperability
survey.

Cutting out the rot in Apple. Graphic by Rahak for the FSFE,
CC-BY-SA
4.0/
In May 2026, the FSFE was admitted
as an intervener in a second case, Apple v Commission (T-359/25). This
case goes directly to the practical implementation of Article 6(7), as
Apple challenges the Commission decision specifying procedures for
access to software and hardware features. Significantly, the Court
recognised when admitting us that the outcome could have a substantial
impact on the supply of Free Software and developers’
ability to interconnect their applications with Apple’s operating
systems. Specialised media, including Tech Policy Press, covered
our admission to the second Apple
case, highlighting the growing role of civil society in DMA enforcement
and the importance of the case for Free Software developers’ ability to
build and distribute interoperable alternatives.
Our DMA work also increasingly focused on Google and
Android. On 26-27 May 2026, at the
SCiDA Conference in Düsseldorf, we
presented our technical research into Android custom ROMs, device trees
and commit histories, bringing evidence from Free Software development
into discussions on digital competition enforcement. On 15 June, we
contributed
to the European Commission’s Android interoperability proceedings,
calling the full uninstallation of LLM-based features to be possible and arguing that
access to interoperability should not depend on Google’s
developer-verification requirements. In our view, interoperability is
not genuinely independent if developers must first register with,
identify themselves to, or enter into a contractual relationship with
the gatekeeper.
We also contributed to the broader development of DMA
enforcement. Together with civil-society partners, we participated in
the Commission’s
first formal evaluation of the DMA, advocating stronger Device Neutrality, effective side-loading and
interoperability rules that work not only for large companies, but also
for community projects, non-profits and independent developers. Our
research also extended beyond individual DMA proceedings. In 2026, our
colleague Lucas Lasota, who also works for the Martin-Luther University
of Halle-Wittenberg published a comparative
study of interoperability regulation in the EU, Japan, the UK and
Brazil, examining how such rules
can give Free Software access to features controlled by dominant
proprietary platforms and enable smaller developers and communities to
compete. We also were guests at diverse podcasts to talk about
our advocacy
in regulatory procedures involving Apple.

Throughout the year, we brought these experiences
into the wider policy debate: at the ARTICLE
19 DMA Enforcement Symposium,
CPDP
2026, the
UCL/KCL conference on private
enforcement, and through articles
in specialised media examining developer-friendly DMA enforcement and
the changing governance of Android. We also discussed our work through
the SCiDA Podcast and, in August 2026, the
Software Freedom Podcast on Keeping Android Open
campaing.
Across these activities, our focus remained
consistent: interoperability must work in practice, not only on paper.
For the DMA to strengthen user choice and competition, Free Software
communities, independent developers and users must be able to access
platform features and install and run software of their choice without
unnecessary gatekeeper control. The DMA has to keep gatekeepers accountable in a developer friendly way.
Router Freedom faces another reform at the EU
level
While during the last years we worked a lot on the EU Member State level, in 2026, our Router Freedom work shifted increasingly to the European
level. With the European Commission's proposed Digital
Networks Act (DNA) now on the table, the FSFE saw an opportunity to
finally close the fragmentation gap that has weakened Router Freedom
since the last telecoms reform, when national regulators were left free
to exclude this right for certain network topologies.
In February 2026, the FSFE called on the
EU to establish strong and consistent protection of Router Freedom in
the DNA. Whether users can actually exercise their right to choose
their own router still depends on where the Network Termination Point
(NTP) is defined: if it sits behind a provider-supplied router, Router
Freedom exists on paper but not in practice. Pointing to continued
fragmentation, we submitted our position to the European Commission's
consultation on the DNA, calling for amendments to the text that would
anchor the NTP at the passive physical point of the network by default
across all Member States.
Looking forward, the FSFE is researching at how satellite internet
providers are handling Router Freedom, and what the challenges under
EU legislation are.
A decade-long victory for Radio Equipment Directive
Two months later came a second, decade-in-the-making success. In
April 2026, we announced victory in
preventing "Radio Lockdown": the European Commission decided to
abandon Article 3(3)(i) of the Radio Equipment Directive, a provision
that, since 2014, had threatened to force manufacturers to block users
from installing their own software on WiFi routers, phones, and other
radio devices. The Commission's decision followed an impact assessment
that found the risks it was meant to address remained theoretical, and
it explicitly cited the legal study the FSFE commissioned from Dr. Till
Jaeger showing the provision was incompatible with licences like the GNU
GPL. It is a strong reminder that patient, evidence-based engagement
with EU policy processes pays off, even when it takes more than ten
years.
Want to hear the full story behind this decade-long fight? Check
out the
episode 45 of the Software Freedom Podcast. There we sit
down with our former colleague Max Mehl who first flagged the issue back
in 2015 and trace together the Radio Equipment Directive timeline, from
a printed-out draft directive to its final chapter.
Refund4Freedom
The initiative that started in 2025 in Italy continued during the
previous months. While in Italy volunteers have continued organising
events spreading the word about it and helping users to switching into
GNU/Linux distributions, we have also raise awareness about this campaign in
conferences and in events such as a GNU/Linux install parties.

Positive Hardware Evaluation
The FSFE's volunteer and open hardware passionate, Nicole Faeber
read about the Teufel Mynd speaker announced as an "Open Source Project", so
she decided to put it to the test. We bought one and she dug into analysing the
mechanical design / parts, the electronics design, and the firmware.
Overall the verdict of the analysis
was that the Teufel engineers did an extremely good job here!
They definitely set the bar and have given a great example of how one
can make open and sustainable consumer hardware.
Do you care about sustainability, repairability and Free Software?
Did you do research about which products work best with Free Software?
Have you ever tried to tinker with them? We would love to hear your
experiences. Please, share your knowledge with us. We want to know
which products work better when you want to be in control of your
devices!Fill in our short survey
Moreover, if you are a skilled Free Software enthusiasts
who would like to volunteer to also analyse devices, please get in touch with us, so we can work
together towards our goal goal that everyone can install or remove any
software on any of our devices.
Free Your Android
In the last months we have done some updates in our work towards helping
users to regain control of their Android devices and their data. While
in February we released a
Software Freedom Podcast episode about the DMA and Android, and we
have been working in the last months in checking different Free Software Android distribution. In September 2026 we started releasing those reports.

Legal Education
licensing and legal decisions are based on facts, rather than fear, uncertainty, and doubtNext Generation Internet (NGI)
Since 2018, the FSFE has been a consortium member of
the Next Generation Internet Zero (NGI0) initiative, supported by the
European Commission. The mission of the NGI has been to provide support
to various free and open data, hardware, and software projcets across
Europe, in order to re-imagine and re-engineer the internet into a value
oriented, human-centric, and inclusive platform that can yield a net
benefit for society.
Over the past 8 years, the FSFE has been providing
guidance to successful grantee software projects on legal and licensing
issues, in addition to helping them become REUSE compliant. Through
individual assessments and direct assistance, we aim to promote the
display of unambiguous, human-readable, and machine-readable licence and
copyright information. Other consortium partners provide support on
issues that can improve each grantee software project, such as security,
accessibility, and translations, among others.
Unfortunately, our work under the NGI umbrella will
be winding down, as funding for the vast NGI project ecosystem has been
cut. While we have heavily criticised this before, during the last months of 2024 and in 2025, this has in turn led to funding projects such as
NGI to no longer be part of
future Horizon Europe funding drafts and work
programmes. The FSFE is currently working on 2 separate NGI0 projects,
with both expecting to conclude by mid-2027.
Nevertheless, while one door closes on the NGI0
projects, another opens. Together with familiar consortium partners that the
FSFE has been working with over the past 8 years, the FSFE had been
searching for an alternative to provide similar support for Free
Software projects in Europe. We are happy that our efforts to do so can
continue, as we will be part of 3 newly approved Horizon Europe
projects: “Restack” that started in June, “GeoCommons” and Rebase, both starting in 2027.

Europe’s need for control over its own digital
infrastructure has grown more urgent. The “cloud-first” strategy that
has dominated in the past decade has shown itself to be an unsustainable
long-term strategy in light of geopolitical stressors.
Under
Restack , the FSFE will support
software projects in Europe that help to strengthen the Free Software
ecosystem, improve the resilience of the internet, improve transparency
in digital technology, and promote European digital sovereignty.
Similarly under GeoCommons, the FSFE will work to support Free Software compatible
geospatial data, standards, and tools.
REUSE tool
The FSFE's team provides guidance to successful grantee projects on legal and licensing issues, and helps them become REUSE compliant. Through individual
assessments and direct assistance, we aim to promote the display of unambiguous, human-readable, and machine-readable licence and copyright information.
In three steps, REUSE software addresses a fundamental problem with Free Software licensing at its source: what licence is a file licensed under, and who owns the copyright?
The REUSE project consists of a set of best practices and a tool that makes it easy and simple to add this legal information to every single file in a project.
One At the end of 2025, the REUSE helper tool has migrated from GitHub to Codeberg and during 2026 we have continued our work on maintaining this software so more and more developers can use it.
FSFE's Free Software Legal & Licensing Workshop
(LLW) 2026
The FSFE's
Free Software Legal & Licensing Workshop
(LLW) is an annual conference for
members of the Legal
Network community to meet face-to-face and share legal expertise. In 2026, the event moved to
Berlin and it once again fostered the kind of collaborative environment
where professionals can share insights, debate complex issues, build a
cohesive understanding of the legal landscape affecting Free Software,
and to grow a sense of community of those “who can hear tomorrow
coming”, to borrow the words of David Bowie, who was referenced many
times during the conference by his Legal Network
fans.
The 2026 brought together over 100 legal and
compliance professionals, technologists, and policy experts from all
over the globe. LLW continued to explore the evolving legal landscapes
impacting Free Software, with many discussions focusing on how software
licensing is impacted by the advent of large language models.

Legal Corner
Last year, the FSFE started a new series of articles
diving deeper into legal topics of current relevance. Over the past
months, our Legal Corner series has continued, covering the following
topics:
We also appeared in renowned content producers to talk about
age
verification laws and the impact on Free Software.
Train-the-trainer programme
In 2026, the former Italian-based Edulife
project in which we train Italian students in legal topics expanded with a train-the-trainer
programme, which kicked off in Verona in November 2025
with a in-situ training session. The
future trainers then
continued working with the curriculum modules throughout the year,
helping to broaden the reach of the programme. New opportunities to
bring these trainings to additional ITS (Istituti Tecnologici Superiori)
are also being explored.
Market Regulations
all regulatory frameworks encourage the use and development of Free SoftwareShaping the implementation of the Cyber Resilience
Act
The implementation of the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) remained a key
focus of our work on Free Software Markets. Building on our first
stakeholder survey on the role of Free Software in the CRA, we
developed recommendations based on the experiences and concerns of Free
Software projects, potential stewards and manufacturers. We brought
these findings into our exchanges with the European Commission and
market surveillance authorities, helping to shape the Commission’s
practical guidance for implementing the CRA.
As the implementation process moved forward, we turned our attention
to remaining questions, in particular the role of Article 25 of the CRA.
At FOSDEM, the FSFE discussed these
issues together with representatives of the European Commission
and the German market surveillance authority. Our Software
Freedom Podcast took a closer look at stewards, security
attestations and the CRA implementation process.
Article 25 foresees voluntary security attestation programmes for
Free Software, which will be specified in a delegated act. We launched a
new survey specifically dedicated to Article 25, incorporating input
from individual developers, Free Software projects, manufacturers and
other stakeholders. The survey results were presented at FrOSCon, where
we discussed how they can feed into the upcoming delegated act. Going
forward, we will continue to advocate for an appropriate framework that
does not place disproportionate burdens on individual Free Software
developers and groups.
Public Money? Public Code!
all public funding for software is used for Free Software onlyThe EU "Open Source Strategy", Tech Sovereignty & Interoperability
Technological sovereignty has been at the centre of debates across
Europe this year. The European
Commission's Tech Sovereignty Package (TSP) contains a
long-overdue revision of the EU Open Source Strategy and the proposal
for the Cloud and AI Development Act (CADA), which introduces a
provision promoting Free Software solutions for public cloud and AI
procurement. But despite the TSP citing our “Public Money? Public Code!”
demand, several concerns remain, and the FSFE will continue working with
the co-legislators to push for a pragmatic, strong, and transparent Free
Software first provision.
The year 2026 marks two years since the adoption of the Interoperable
Europe Act (IEA). We have continued engaging with members of the
Interoperable Europe Board to make sure its implementation is
underpinned by the principle of “Public Money? Public Code!”. Under the
new IEA umbrella, the European Interoperability Framework is undergoing
its first update in nine years. The FSFE is
calling for Free Software and Open Standards to be the default model for
digital public services and for the development of procurement
guidance to prevent openwashing.
The upcoming revision of EU procurement rules will shape software
procurement in Europe for years to come. The FSFE contributed
to the European Commission’s consultation, calling for
strategic procurement rules that enable public administrations to
choose, adapt, and jointly develop Free Software. We also warned that
“made in Europe” criteria alone do not foster digital sovereignty. Only
Free Software gives public institutions control over the digital
infrastructure they rely on. In addition, we call for
effective safeguards against vendor lock-in and openwashing in
public procurement.

Digital sovereignty requires Free Software
Over the past year, the FSFE has continued its work to make Free
Software the foundation of digital sovereignty. As European governments
are increasingly looking for alternatives to their dependence on large
non-European technology companies, we have warned that “buying European”
alone does not solve the sovereignty problem. European proprietary
software creates new dependencies and vendor lock-in. In our
feedback to the German government’s consultation on the
“Germany Stack”, we therefore called for the platform to be developed
entirely as Free Software, aligned with similar efforts across Europe
and backed by secure, long-term funding.
Showcasing best practices and challenging setbacks
Our watchdog activities remain an important part of “Public Money?
Public Code!”, as progress towards public code is not linear. When
reports emerged that NHS England intended to make most of its public
source-code repositories private by default, the FSFE
publicly challenged the plan. Removing source code from public
view is not an effective security measure. Instead, it prevents
independent scrutiny, reuse, and collaborative improvement. Although NHS
England has not reversed its course as of now, the FSFE sent a clear
public signal that publicly funded code must remain public and will
continue to follow the issue. We have also continued criticising
openwashing and raising awareness about misleading practices
and how they can be tackled.
Alongside our policy and watchdog work, we continued showcasing
practical experiences with Free Software in public administrations. In a
Software
Freedom Podcast episode, we presented X-Road as an example of
shared Free Software infrastructure and discussed some of the challenges
such projects face in public institutions.
Young Generation
young people have the opportunity to tinker, experiment and code with Free Software as the defaultInspiring the next generation to understand and actively shape the surrounding technology has been at the heart of the FSFE's work
since the beginning, although it is not until some years ago when this
commitment was translated into two specific initiatives.
"Ada & Zangemann - A Tale of Software, Skateboards, and Raspberry Ice Cream" keeps reaching new audiences, as an illustrated
book and as a movie. Thanks to the dedication of our contributors,
the book has over 35 translations and has been published into Norwegian and Dutch!
For teenagers ready to go beyond reading about
software freedom and start building it themselves, Youth Hacking 4
Freedom (YH4F) remains our flagship programme. Each year, young people
from across Europe develop their own Free Software projects, gaining
hands-on experience while becoming part of a growing community of young
hackers who understand that technology should serve, not control, its
users.
Together, these two initiatives reflect FSFE's continued investment
in a future where the next generation grows up with the skills and
values to shape technology that serves our democratic society.
Ada & Zangemann
Ada & Zangemann has continued entering the kids homes worldwide, as an illustrated book
and as a movie. While we finish the year with the news about the Italian movie (released at SFSCON 2025) and a reading at 39C3, we started 2026 with
some fantastic news! Thanks to the amazing (and constant) work of our
volunteer Nico Rikken we presented the
Dutch version at FOSDEM! Furthermore, Nico and Matthias Kirschner gave a keynote about the automatisation
of the book translation process. As if this would not be enough good news, FOSDEM provided us with another
surprise: a Braille version of the book in English and German. It is thereby the first book that was embossed with Free Software and an Open Hardware embosser.

Meanwhile the Austrian Ministry of Education created an Ada & Zangemann online course which includes interactive activities, discussion guides, and traditional exercises. It presents complex topics such as monopolies, lobbying, the digital divide, software freedom, digital autonomy, the Internet of Things (IoT), and electronic waste in a child-friendly way as part of an engaging storyline. A great addition to the resources be the French Ministry of Education. Furthermore we are happy that Fedora included Ada & Zangemann
into their default #Firefox bookmarks pack.
Started in December 2021 as a one pager about the German book and the plans to publish an English version, the Ada & Zangemann now got a larger update and covers information about the book, the movie, reviews, additional resources, events and how to get involved.
The following months gave us plenty of happy news and translations!
The
Norwegian version was published as well
as a Czech version too! Originally published in German
and English, it is now published in 11 languages and there over 35 translations.

Over the past twelve months, we have continued to bring Ada & Zangemann into schools, libraries, and homes worldwide, whether through the book or the movie,
the latter of which has now been viewed more than 47,000 times (this is the number on the places we know and where we can measured it but as it is published under Creative Commons BY-SA and spread in many different places it is hard to measure the exact reach).
Building on the previous year’s pilot project in Italy “They
are young + they need the code,” the FSFE’s
educational activities around Ada & Zangemann have
now been further developed and integrated into the FSFE’s broader
Ada & Zangemann activities. The
educational format helps children understand the importance of having
control over their own technology through a combination of storytelling
and hands-on activities.
Volunteers all over Europe continued to bring the
format to schools and libraries, reading the book aloud or showing the movie
and guiding children through activities such as treasure
hunts, robotics labs, and drawing sessions. A comprehensive collection
of suggested activities is available in a dedicated
guide.

Software Freedom in high schools
A new educational activity was also initiated by Emanuele Solferino,
an 18-year-old student, who introduced the principles and ethics of
Free Software to high school students. Between February and April 2026,
Emanuele Solferino, delivered a series of three events across three
high schools in Como, Busto Arsizio, and Pesaro, engaging a total of
200 students. The initiative offered students the opportunity to
explore the values behind Free Software and reflect on the role of
freedom, autonomy, and control in the technologies they use every
day.
Youth Hacking 4 Freedom
Youth Hacking 4 Freedom has developed into an annual event for us and many teenagers from Europe!
Currently, we are still running our fifth edition, YH4F 2026, and young Europeans had the chance to participate in it once more. In the 2025 edition, the fourth one,
we
had the following winners:

- Ultimate Hacker Award:
Marius & Jonas
with OpenLingu,
a flexible, Free Software language learning platform that allows users
to learn languages through interactive lessons while providing tools for
content creators to build and share educational
content.
- Elite Hacker Award: Pingu & Tuxilio
with custom rom
list, a project that automatically fetches Custom ROM
devices and versions and displays it on a page. If you're a developer, a
file devices.json is generated.
- Awesome Hacker Award: Mario with Scroll
Wheel, a big high-resolution scroll wheel inspired by
Engineer Bo.
- Green Robot Award: Vinícius with Smart
Plant Watering Robot, a robot that can water your plants at home.
- Beautiful Maths Award: Corentin with Hyper – A Hyperbolic
Rendering Engine for visualizing non-Euclidean geometry. It renders
an infinite world, offering an Educational, interactive view of
hyperbolic tilings and maze algorithms.
- Thinking Out of the Box Award: Augustin with dcg which aims at being a fast
distributed revision control system analysing files syntactically rather
than linearly.
YH4F 2026 will keep us busy for the next two months until November 2026. Right now we are
preparing the outstanding awards ceremony for this year's winners!
During the ceremony we will announce the 2026
winners and give them the chance to present their projects in front of their families and peers. So keep your eyes and ears open for more news from Europe's next generation of Free Software contributors!
So far, we already have plenty of news for you from YH4F 2026! For this edition, we got 88
participants from 21
different countries. This also was the first time we got participants from
Serbia. For the 2026 edition we also got a new sponsor. Currently, this
initiative is possible thanks to the generous financial support of our
donor, Reinhard
Wiesemann and our sponsors, OpenSSF (since 2024), Proxmox (since 2025), SUSE OSCC
(since 2025), and Nextcloud (since
2026).
If you are now curious to learn more about our sponsors for YH4F 2026 We also spoke with some of our sponsors at the end of 2025
aboutwhy they support this
European programming competition.
Want to know more about
Youth Hacking 4 Freedom? Besides our dedicated page to it, we
also talked about it in our episode 43 of the
Software Freedom Podcast.
Volunteer Engagement
people enjoy to contribute to FSFE and feel empowered and effectiveI ♥️ Free Software Day
Every year on 14 February, or in the surrounding days,
our communities come together across Europe to express their
appreciation for Free Software. Whether through local meet-ups, in person or online, talks, workshops,
postcards, blog posts, social media messages, or simple words of
gratitude, the message is clear: Free Software exists and thrives
because of the people who build, maintain, document, translate, test,
and support it.
For the 2026 celebration, and under the motto “Maintainers Matter”,
our communities organised 22 events across 12 different European
countries, reaching more than 300 people offline. From cosy café
meet-ups to university gatherings and hacker spaces, people came
together to say a heartfelt “Thank you” to Free Software maintainers,
contributors, and developers.
With 22 events the “I Love Free Software
Day” is growing bigger and bigger. For the first time, “I Love Free Software
Day” reached Croatia and Norway. Plus the network of cities celebrating this dedicated day for Free Software contributors keeps on growing. This year we were joined by Bonn (Germany), Amsterdam (Netherlands) and Tirana (Albania), which
returned for this edition.

Hundreds of individuals and organisations also joined the celebration on
the Fediverse, sharing appreciation posts and gratitude messages. The
hashtag #ilovefs ranked among the
most used hashtags on the day. For the first time, the celebration
also reached the front page of Hacker News, thanks to a “thank you” blog
post by Matthias Kirschner, the president of the FSFE, who
shared his appreciation for Arch Linux and the extensive
ArchWiki.
Comic by
Mullana under CC-BY-SA 4.0 ❤
While we release a brand-new
comic, explaining why appreciation and recognition for Free Software
contributors matter so much as well as dedicated Software Freedom
Podcast episode, In our 47th episode, “ILoveFS: Let’s meet our
maintainers”, Bonnie Mehring met with maintainer Lorenz Kästle to discuss the rewards and challenges of maintaining Free Software projects
in one’s spare time. Moreover, in the 20026 celebrations
also saw remarkable volunteer-driven
innovations:
- A new Fediwall
system was developed to highlight and visualise online participation
across the Fediverse.
- A Polish volunteer set up a BadgeFed instance,
creating dedicated “I Love Free Software Day” badges for organisers,
participants, and contributors. A creative new way to publicly recognise
engagement!
- A long-standing wish for a dedicated event map became reality thanks
to Tom, the project leader of mapforge, who made a
customised “I Love Free Software Day” map possible, showcasing
celebrations across Europe.
Besides, we also started a series of
interviews with our volunteers about how they celebrate
this day. We spoke with our local groups in Potteries
(UK), Barcelona
(Spain), and with two different
volunteers in Poland,
our Polish coordinator and the organiser of the "I love Free Software Day" in
Poznan.
Conferences and events
Attending diverse conferences and events throughout
Europe and beyond is an important part of the FSFE's activities. At these
events, we interact with our community, spread the word about software
freedom and our work and why it matters, and find opportunities to
connect and network with stakeholders, policymakers, Free Software
advocates, and newcomers. Some events and conferences also give us the
chance to step outside our bubble and explain Free Software to members
of society who might not yet be aware of it and its
importance.
As usual, in this map it can be checked the different
places, in some of them more than once, were we either organised an
event or attended events:
Map showing all the European cities where the FSFE staff and volunteers have attended or organized eventsTo point out some of the biggest event we
attended:
- SFSCON has become one of the main European Free Software and one
of the conferences that our team tries to attend every year. There,
staff members and volunteers give different talks, we meet with our
Italian community and other Free Software advocates that do not want to
miss this conference. For the last years, we are also giving, together
with LUGBZ, the European award. In 2025 this recognition went to Jean
Baptiste Kempf , VLC president and core developer. Our talks from
that edition are available at media.fsfe.org and you can also listen to
the
podcast episode we dedicated to SFSCON 2025. We are currently
preparing our participation in SFSCON 2026.
Besides SFSCON we also continued to strengthen its presence within the Italian
Free Software community through conferences, local events, and community
gatherings. Italian volunteers participated in diverse Linux Days
across Italy, including a particularly successful event in Pesaro, which
featured a large Ada & Zangemann educational activity.

- 39C3: the Chaos Communication Congress at the end of the year is another of the dates
marked in our calendar. From 27 until the 30 December,
we joined the Bits & Bäume
assembly in Hamburg for four days around more than
12.000 Free Software advocates.
- FOSDEM: On the first weekend of February the Free Software
communities come together and travel from all over the world to attend
one of its oldest and most well-known conferences: FOSDEM. And so does
the FSFE. In 2026, for
one more time, we co-organized the Legal and Policy
DevRoom and participated iin other devrooms with several talks.
This tme we were also involved in two more devrooms: Funding
the Free Software Ecosystem, which debuted last year, and Free
Software Mobile.


Our local groups are at the core of our work at
conferences and events. Thanks to their efforts, we are present at many
events. Beyond their regular
meetings, they also attended conferences such as T-DOSE, Veganmania,
various Linux Days, Tübix, VIScon, Poznan, and FrOSCon. In recent
months, our volunteers have also run several Linux install workshops in
Italy, Switzerland, and Germany, alongside the translation and outreach
work for Ada & Zangemann that we have already highlighted. We simply
cannot capture all of their work here, so we want to say once again how
grateful we are and how essential our local group's work truly
is.
We have also started dedicating some of our podcast episodes to them.
Episode 39 featured the
Zurich group, while episode 52 turned the
spotlight on our Dutch community, with more to come in the months
ahead.
Spreading the word! Merchandise and info material
This year, at FOSDEM, we presented new merchandise: a new design of
our red “I love Free Software” socks and a “Cool kids use Free
Software” T-shirt. In just few hours, we sold out most of our cool kids
stock! It was a success! We also restocked the “Public Money? Public
Code! T-shirt.
Stay tuned as we have new merchandise coming int! Since many people
asked for it, we are p going to have T-Shirts in kids sizes, some of
our classic T-shirst in new colors and an FSFE beanie! We will present
all of it at SFSCON 2026.
Another request that our community had since long
time ago was also accomplished since last autumn:
we have introduced
the possibility to make payments for merchandise and donations by
card at most of our booth.
During the last months, we also got new information
material. At the end of the year, we added a “rotten apple glowing
sticker” in our stock. This sticker is a great reminder for everyone
willing to support our efforts to make big tech accountable under the
DMA in a developer friendly way; a REUSE sticker for everyone using this tool; we created an Ada
and Zangemann bookmark which works in every language; printed a Refund4Freedom postcard with the basic
instructions for asking for your refund; got our stars as a keyboard
sticker for sticking on those keys with some logos that you might not
like on your keyboard; started sharing with you our new Christmas
postcard!
Organisational Development
be an effective and efficient organisation for software freedomOur website is our main tool to reach everyone, informing about our
work to the society in general but also our volunteers, supporters and
donors. Since September 2025 to end of August 2026, we have published
around 44 news items, 12
newsletters and 17 podcast
episodes.
Thanks to our translators' work, we were also able to
reach our community in other languages with some of our newsletter
issues and some of our main website pages were being translated as well.
Since the end of 2025 we have been continuously improving our process for translations. We prioritised our pages so translators can easily help with the most important translations, we updated our license to CC-BY-SA 4.0, and are continuously working on getting fsfe.org on weblate. In 2026 we want to especially highlight the work done for translating our priority 1 and priority 2 pages into new languages, with Italian being the closest to achieving a translation of all priority 1 and 2 files.
As for 2025 we had in total 40 new German translations, 21 new Italian translations followed by 18 Dutch, 11 Spanish, 8 Hebrew and 6 French translations! This brings us to the most important part: We want to say a heartfelt 'Thank you!' to all our translators who help us to reach and inform people about software freedom across Europe in their native language! ♥️♥️♥️
This year we have also updated several pages, including a new booth
preparation form, a above mentioned Ada & Zangemann page, and an updated DMA page.
You might even have noticed changes to our homepage and our supporters
page.
This year we are also celebrating our 25th anniversary, with the
highlight being our weekend celebrations in Cracow last July, along with
the release of
a new and updated FSFE timeline.
Check out the pictures of our celebrationWe have also released a
video to mark the anniversary.
Moreover, we participated in external
podcasts, several papers and were interviewed for different media, about
a wide range of our topics (DMA, Apple litigation, Ada &
Zangemann…) being one topic that got a lot of attention our news about
the
payment provider Nexi terminating our contract without prior notice and
how that was affecting us. Currently, we still have 62 supporters
who unfortunately did not renew their donations by switching to our new payment provider and 133 supporters whom we need to get active
until the end of the year to switch to our new provider.
While we hope to resolve this hardship within the next
couple of months, we want to thank everyone who has increased their
support or became a new FSFE supporter to support us in this
challenge.
Our presence in the Fediverse is
also growing, with
currently more than 27,100 followers in Mastodon
and around 1,860 on our
Peertube
channel, where we
currently are hosting 441 videos. Besides, since some months ago, we are
using the tool fedisuite to help us manage our fediverse channels as
well as to get some data about how our posts are performing,
as this tool allows us to schedule
posts but also get some analytics about the engagement and outreach of
our posts.
At the end of 2025, we
closed our Twitter (currently called X) account. What kept us so long on Twitter (X)? This was a way to reach
journalists and policymakers. While the platform never aligned with our values it now also no longer serves as a space for our communication.
Instead we decided to be more active in Bluesky - but always keeping a “first on Mastodon approach”. As for now, we have 3759 followers in Bluesky a number that is steadily
growing while we are glad that a large amount of our community is following us in the fediverse.

From the left to the righht: Matthias Kirschner, President of the FSFE ;Ian Kelling, President of the FSF; and Karen Sandler, President of SFC
Core Infrastructure
Our daily work would not be possible without the System Hackers who make
sure that the FSFE engines are running. In the last months, our main
core infrastructure work involved the LDAP setup of the organisation,
the Matrix server, the website and debugging network settings in the
data-centres.
Join the movement
Become a supporter: Your support and
contribution for the promotion of Free Software are important for
securing our continuous work, ensuring our independence, strengthening
our democratic society, promoting and implementing concrete steps
towards software freedom, and making it easier to use and develop Free
Software.
Advocating for freedom costs money, and we depend on
people like you to support us. Thanks also to all our supporters and our donors for their generous
financial contributions. For 2025 and 2026 we want to
especially thank
our donors who contributed 18,000 € or more per year (in the order of amount):
Vodafone, Internet Archive Europe, and Reinhard Wiesemann,
Google, Proton Pass, Qualtom, and Linuxhotel.
We also warmly thank those who donated 3,600 € or more per year, such
as (alphabetically):
AVM,
AWS,
Bosch,
Ericsson,
Fastbill,
Github,
Heinlein,
HTTP Toolkit,
Intevation,
Kraken Technologies,
Mercedes-Benz,
Microsoft,
Nils Schneider,
Open Education and Software Association e.V,
Open Project,
Promox
Red Hat,
Siemens,
Sysmocom,
The Linux Foundation,
Thomas Etter, and
Y Combinator.
Beside those whom we thank by name, we want to express our
heartfelt gratitude to every FSFE Supporter. While we welcome every support,
500 people donating 20€ a month will always be more valuable for our independence
than one entity donating 10.000€ per month.
We
guarantee that all support is used to foster software freedom in Europe
a little more each day, step by step, bit by bit, byte by byte, for the next
decades.
With your help we can keep on defending software
freedom. Thank you for your trust, your support, and your ideas to
continue bringing Free Software to our society!
Support FSFE